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Izimbangela Nezinyathelo Zokulwa Nokugcwala Udaka Embonini Yokuhlanza Indle
2024-08-20 15:43:28
Ngokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo nokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo ye-sludge ecushiwe, isipiliyoni sokuphatha ukusebenza siye sathuthukiswa kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ekusebenzeni kwangempela kwemboni yokuhlanza indle, ukugcwala kwe-sludge kuvame ukwenzeka, okuthinta kakhulu inani kanye nekhwalithi yamanzi ahlanzekile. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda izimbangela zokugcwala kwe-sludge kanye nezinyathelo ezihambisanayo zokuyixazulula kusengaphambili.
Ukwanda kodaka kungenye yezinto ezingavamile ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza kohlelo lodaka olucushiwe. Ngenxa yezizathu ezithile, ukusebenza kwenhlabathi kodaka olucushiwe kuyawohloka, okuholela ekuhlukaneni okubi namanzi odaka, izinto eziqinile ezimisiwe ezilenga kumfucumfucu, kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwenqubo yokwelapha. Lesi simo ngokuvamile sihlobene nokukhula kanye ne-metabolism yama-microorganisms. Ngokuqondile, ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukunqwabelana kodaka lwe-filamentous kanye ne-non-filamentous sludge bulking. I-filamentous sludge bulking ibangelwa ikakhulukazi ukukhula okwedlulele kwama-bacteria ane-filamentous, okuholela ekwakhiweni kodaka okuxekethile, ukukhuphuka kwevolumu, ukuntanta, nobunzima bokwehlukanisa nokuhlukana, okuthinta ikhwalithi yamanzi angcolile. I-non-filamentous sludge bulking ibangelwa ukuqoqwa kwama-metabolites (i-high-viscosity polysaccharides). Lesi sithako esine-viscosity ephezulu simboza ama-microorganisms odaka olucushiwe, ngokuvamile ngendlela yejeli, okwenza ukuthungwa nokugxilisa ukusebenza kodaka kube kubi nakakhulu.
1. Izimbangela Zokugcwala Udaka
Kunezizathu eziningi zokunwetshwa kodaka: kuthintwa yizici ezifana noshintsho ezingxenyeni zekhwalithi zamanzi zomthelela, ukuguquka kwenani le-pH, ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, ukushintsha kwezakhamzimba, kanye noshintsho olufana nokungcola. Esigabeni sokuqala sokunwetshwa, inkomba ye-sludge (SVI) izoqhubeka nokukhuphuka, isakhiwo se-sludge sizokhululeka futhi inani elikhulu lodaka lizontanta, umphumela wokuhlukanisa amanzi odaka uzoba mubi, futhi amanzi angcolile azoba ne-turbid. . Ngalesi sikhathi, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe futhi uphenyo kufanele lwenziwe ngokushesha ukuze kutholakale imbangela yokwanda.
Fig.1: Isimo sokugcwala kwe-sludge
Fig.2: Isimo esijwayelekile
2. Izinyathelo Zokulwa Nokuxazulula Ukugcwala Kwe-Sludge
Izinyathelo eziphuthumayo zihlanganisa ukuqinisa ukuqapha kwekhwalithi enomthelela kanye nokuchithwayo, ukulungisa inqubo yokusebenza, ukwengeza ama-ejenti amakhemikhali, ukukhulisa inani lodaka oluchithiwe, nokunciphisa ukugcwala kodaka:
(1)Ukuqapha njalo amapharamitha ahlukahlukene ohlelweni lokukhucululwa kwendle: njengenkomba ye-sludge (SVI), umoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe, inani le-pH, njll.;
(2) Ngokwemiphumela yokuqapha, lungisa izimo zokusebenza ezifana nokungenisa umoya nokwengezwa kwezakhi ukuze udale indawo evumelana nokukhula kwama-microorganisms.
(3) Engeza amanani afanele ama-ejenti amakhemikhali, njengama-flocculants nama-bactericides, ukulawula ukukhula kwamagciwane ane-filamentous noma ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-sedimentation of sludge;
(4) Ngokwandisa inani le-sludge ekhishiwe, nokukhipha amagciwane amaningi ane-filamentous, kusiza ukubuyisela ukusebenza kwe-sedimentation evamile kodaka.
Ngokusebenzisa lezi zinyathelo ezingenhla, inkinga ye-sludge bulking ingaxazululwa ngokuphumelelayo futhi umphumela nokusebenza kahle kokwelashwa kwendle kungaqinisekiswa.