Ingxoxo ngengxabano yokushiswa kwemfucuza kamasipala

Eminyakeni emibili edlule, kuye kwaba nezingxabano eziningi zaseYurophu mayelana nokushiswa kwemfucuza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inkinga kagesi ibangele ukuthi kushiswe imfucuza eyengeziwe ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi kanye nokuthola amandla athile. Nakuba inani lamandla elitholiwe lilincane uma kuqhathaniswa, kuyaqondakala ukuthi cishe u-2.5% wamandla ase-Europe avela kumshini wokushisisa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu azisakwazi ukuhlangabezana nokukhiqizwa kwemfucuza kwamanje. Ukunciphisa umthamo wemfucuza, ukushiswa kuyindlela elula kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo.

Kusukela ngoDisemba 2022, kunezitshalo zokulahla imfucuza kuya ku-energy ezisebenzayo e-UK, kanti eziyi-18 zisakhiwa noma ziyasetshenziswa. Cishe zingu-500 izikhungo zokushiswa kwemfucuza e-Europe, kanti inani lemfucuza eyashiswa ngo-2022 lingaba amathani ayi-5,900, okuwukukhula okuqhubekayo eminyakeni edlule. Nokho, njengoba ezinye izindawo zokushisela imfucuza ziseduze nezindawo zokuhlala namadlelo, abantu abaningi bakhathazekile ngomthelela wemvelo wentuthu abayikhiqizayo.

Fig. Imboni yokushisela e-Switzerland (Isithombe esivela ku-inthanethi)

Ngo-April 2024, uMnyango Wezemvelo wase-England wakumisa ukukhishwa kwamalayisensi emvelo emishini emisha yokushiswa kwemfucuza. Ukuvinjelwa kwesikhashana kuqhubeka kuze kube umhlaka-24 Meyi. Umkhulumeli we-Defra uthe ngesikhathi sokuvinjelwa kwesikhashana, kuzocatshangelwa ukuthuthukisa ukugaywa kabusha, ukunciphisa ukuhlolwa kwemfucuza ukuze kuzuzwe ingqikithi ehlosiwe yokukhishwa kwe-zero, kanye nokuthi izikhungo zokushiswa kwemfucuza ziyadingeka yini. Nokho, imiphumela yomsebenzi neminye imiyalo ayizange ikhishwe ngemva kokuphelelwa yisikhathi kokuvinjelwa kwesikhashana.

Izishisi zingaphinde zihlukaniswe ngokwezinhlobo zikadoti okufanele zigaywe. Zingahlukaniswa zibe:

①Iziko eziqhekekayo ezinembayo ze-anaerobic pyrolysis kanye nokutholwa kukawoyela kaphethiloli wepulasitiki eyodwa noma amathayi erabha.

②Izishisi ze-aerobic zendabuko zemfucumfucu exubene evuthayo (iyadingeka uphethiloli).

③Izishisi ezishisa izikhotha ze-pyrolysis ezisebenzisa udoti osele njengophethiloli ngaphandle kwesidingo sikaphethiloli owengeziwe ngemva kokukhipha udoti ogaywa kabusha, ongashi, nobolayo (uphethiloli udingeka kuphela uma uqalisa isithando somlilo).

Ukugaywa kabusha nokusetshenziswa kabusha kukadoti wasemadolobheni kuwumkhuba ojwayelekile wokulahlwa kukadoti. Udoti owomile osele ngemva kokuhlunga usadinga ukugcwaliswa phansi noma ushiswe ukuze ulahlwe okokugcina. Izigaba zemfucumfucu ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene azilingani, futhi mningi udoti okufanele ulahlwe. Izinsiza zomhlaba ezilinganiselwe zinciphise inani lezindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu. Uma kucatshangelwa zonke izici, ukushiswa kukadoti kuseyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu sokulahlwa kukadoti emadolobheni.

Fig. HYHH incinerator flue gas treatment system

Umusi okhiqizwa ngemva kokushiswa kwemfucuza uqukethe ama-dioxin, izinhlayiya ezincane zothuli, futhi i-NOx iyisici esibalulekile esithinta impilo yomuntu kanye nemvelo yemvelo. Kuphinde kube yisizathu esikhulu esenza abahlali baphikise ukwakhiwa kwezindawo zokushiswa kwemfucuza. Uhlelo oluphelele nolufanelekile lokuhlanza igesi eliwuketshezi luyisixazululo esihle kakhulu sokunciphisa lo mthelela. Ukwakhiwa kwemfucumfucu eshisiwe ezifundeni ezahlukene kuhlukile, futhi ukugxila kwezinto ezingcolisa igesi ekhiqizwayo kuyahlukahluka kakhulu. Ukunciphisa ukuhlanganiswa kabusha kwe-dioxin, imishini yokucisha ifakwe; ama-electrostatic precipitators kanye nabaqoqi besikhwama sothuli banganciphisa ukugcwala kothuli lwezinhlayiyana ezincane kugesi we-flue; umbhoshongo we-scrubber ufakwe amakhemikhali okugeza ukususa amagesi ane-asidi ne-alkaline kugesi we-flue, njll.

I-HYHH ingakwazi ukwenza ngendlela oyifisayo isethi ephelele yemfucuza yasekhaya enezinga eliphezulu lokushisa kwe-pyrolysis kanye ne-gasification systems ngokwesimo sangempela sephrojekthi yendawo, ukuze kuzuzwe ukuncishiswa kwemfucuza futhi kuhlangatshezwane nezindinganiso zokukhishwa kwemfucuza, okuyindlela yamanje eluhlaza kanye nemvelo yokulahla imfucuza. . Siyakwamukela ukushiya umlayezo ukuze kuboniswane!

*Eminye idatha nezithombe kulesi sihloko kuvela ku-inthanethi. Uma kukhona ukwephulwa komthetho, sicela usithinte ukuze ukususe.