Isimo Samanje Sokuguqulwa Kwemfucuza Yokudla

Izindaba zakamuva zokulahlwa kwemfucuza yokudla

Umthetho womquba wase-California (SB 1383) uphasisiwe kusukela ngo-2016 futhi uzosetshenziswa ngo-2022. Ngeke usetshenziswe kuze kube ngu-2024 kulo nyaka. I-Vermont ne-California seziwuphasile lo mthetho. Ukuze kuguqulwe imfucuza yokudla ibe uphethiloli, iminyango kahulumeni imatasa yakha ingqalasizinda edingekayo, ama-biogas digesters, kanye nemishini yokwenza umquba, kodwa inqubekelaphambili isahamba kancane.

Kumlimi wase-Thompson, e-Conn., nezindawo zokushisela imfucuza eziseduze ezivalayo futhi izikweletu zokulahla imfucuza zikhuphuka, ukushintsha imfucumfucu yokudla ibe amandla kwakuyisimo esiphumelelayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imfucuza yokudla ibalelwa ku-25% wemfucuza yendawo okufanele igaywe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-methane ekhiqizwe i-anaerobic digester isetshenziselwa ukushisa kwendawo kanye nokunikezwa kukagesi. Ukugaya okucutshunguliwe kungasetshenziswa emhlabeni ukuze kwandiswe ukuvunda komhlaba. Kodwa-ke, izindleko zokwakhiwa kwama-biogas digesters ziphezulu futhi azikwazi ukuhlangabezana ngokugcwele nokukhiqizwa kwemfucuza yendawo. Kusenenqwaba yokulahlwa kokudla okusafanele kugaywe.

Izitolo zezitolo e-Australia zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokomisa ngokomzimba ukuze zihwamulise amanzi emfucumfucwini wokudla ukuze kwehliswe isisindo nomthamo wemfucuza, zigcine inani elikhulu lezakhamzimba kuyilapho zibulala amagciwane emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Izinto ezicutshungulwayo zisetshenziswa njengezinto zokuyeyela futhi zihlinzekwa kumachibi ezinhlanzi ezingadliwa. Bona ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ngenkathi uphatha udoti ngendlela engenabungozi.

Selokhu kwahlongozwa umqondo wokuncishiswa kwekhabhoni nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, abantu abaningi baye banaka ukulahlwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo kadoti. Kulesi sigaba, ngokusho kwabasebenzisi abahlukene, izidingo ezihlukene kanye nezikali zokucubungula, indlela yokukhetha ubuchwepheshe obufanele bokulashwa kwemfucuza yokudla ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko nokwandisa ukubuyiswa kwezinsiza kanye nezinzuzo zezomnotho sekube umbuzo abantu abawucabangayo. Nali uhlu lwamagama olufushane lobuchwepheshe bamanje bokwelapha imfucuza yokudla osekukhulile ukuze kunikezwe abasebenzisi ireferensi yokukhethwa kwemishini.

Uhlu lobuchwepheshe bokuguqulwa kwensiza kadoti wokudla

1.Indlela yokulahla imfucumfucu

Indlela yendabuko yokulahla imfucumfucu ikakhulukazi iphatha udoti ongahluziwe. Inezinzuzo zokulula kanye nezindleko eziphansi, kodwa okubi ukuthi ithatha indawo enkulu futhi ijwayele ukungcoliswa kwesibili. Okwamanje, izindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu ezikhona zingcwaba udoti ocindezelwe noma umlotha ngemva kokushiswa, futhi zenza ukwelashwa okuvimbela ukungena. Ngemva kokuba imfucumfucu yokudla isigcwalisiwe, i-methane ekhiqizwa ukuvutshelwa kwe-anaerobic ikhishelwa emoyeni, ikhulise umphumela we-greenhouse. Ukulahlwa komhlaba akunconyelwe ukulahlwa kwemfucuza yokudla.

2.Ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha ngebhayoloji

Ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha bebhayoloji busebenzisa ama-microorganisms ukubola izinto eziphilayo kudoti wokudla futhi ziguqule zibe yi-H2O, CO2 kanye ne-organic molecule encane ukuze kuncishiswe imfucuza futhi kukhiqizwe inani elincane lezinto eziqinile ezingasetshenziswa njengomanyolo we-biomass organic. Ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile bokwelapha bebhayoloji buhlanganisa ukwenza umquba, ukuvutshelwa kwe-aerobic, ukuvutshelwa kwe-anaerobic, ama-biogas digesters, njll.

I-Anaerobic fermentation isebenza endaweni evalekile ngokugcwele ngaphansi kwezimo ze-anoxia noma umoya-mpilo omncane, futhi ikakhulukazi ikhiqiza i-methane, engasetshenziswa njengamandla ahlanzekile futhi ishiswe ukukhiqiza ugesi. Kodwa-ke, insalela ye-biogas ekhishwa ngemva kokugaya inomthamo omkhulu wezinto eziphilayo futhi isadinga ukucutshungulwa futhi isetshenziswe njengomanyolo wemvelo.

Umfanekiso. Ukubukeka kwemishini ye-OWC Food Waste Bio-Dgester kanye nesiteji sokuhlunga

Ubuchwepheshe be-Aerobic fermentation bunyakazisa udoti nama-microorganisms ngokulinganayo futhi bugcine umoya-mpilo owanele ukusheshisa ukubola kwezilwanyana ezincane. Inezici zokusebenza okuzinzile, izindleko eziphansi, futhi ingakhiqiza i-substrate yomanyolo wekhwalithi ephezulu. I-OWC Food Waste Bio-Digester ye-HYHH isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuvutshelwa kwe-aerobic obusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokulawula okuhlakaniphile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwempahla lizinzile ngaphakathi kwebanga elisebenza kakhulu lezinto ezincane ze-aerobic. Izimo ezishisa kakhulu zingabulala amagciwane namaqanda ezinambuzane kudoti.

3.Ubuchwepheshe bokuphakelayo

Inxanxathela yezitolo yase-Australia okukhulunywe ngayo ekuqaleni isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe okomile bokuphakelayo. Ubuchwepheshe bokudla okomile ukomisa imfucuza yokudla ku-95~120℃ isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora ama-2 ukuze kwehliswe umswakama wemfucuza ube ngaphansi kuka-15%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunendlela yokudla kwamaprotheni, efana nokwelashwa kwezinto eziphilayo futhi yethula ama-microorganisms afanelekile kudoti ukuze aguqule izinto eziphilayo zibe amaprotheni. Umkhiqizo ungasetshenziswa njengokudla kwesilwane noma ukudla kwezinkomo nezimvu. Le ndlela ifaneleka kakhulu ezimweni lapho umthombo wokulahlwa kokudla uzinzile futhi izingxenye zawo zilula.

4.Indlela yokusebenzisana yokushiswa

Imfucuza yokudla iqukethe amanzi amaningi, ukushisa okuphansi, futhi akulula ukuyishisa. Ezinye izitshalo zokushiswa zixuba imfucumfucu yokudla esele ihlanzwe kudoti kamasipala ngesilinganiso esifanele sokushiswa ngokubambisana.

5.Ibhakede lomquba elilula lasendlini

Ngokujula kokuqwashisa ngemvelo kanye nokuduma kwe-inthanethi, kuningi okuthunyelwe noma amavidiyo amayelana nokwenza imigqomo yomquba kadoti odla ekhaya. Ubuchwepheshe bokwenza umquba obulula busetshenziselwa ukuvuselela imfucumfucu yokudla ekhiqizwa ekhaya, futhi imikhiqizo ebolile ingasetshenziswa ukuvundisa izitshalo egcekeni. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokukhethwa kwama-microbial agents, ukwakheka kwebhakede le-compost eyenziwe ekhaya, kanye nezingxenye zemfucumfucu yokudla ngokwayo, imiphumela ihluka kakhulu, futhi izinkinga ezifana nephunga elinamandla, ukubola okungaphelele, nesikhathi eside sokwenza umquba kungenzeka.