Isimo sangoku sokuGuqulwa kweNkunkuma yokutya

Iindaba zamva nje zokulahlwa kwenkunkuma yokutya

Umthetho womgquba waseCalifornia (SB 1383) upasiswe ukususela ngo-2016 kwaye uya kuphunyezwa ngo-2022. Awuyi kuphunyezwa kude kube ngu-2024 kulo nyaka. IVermont neCalifornia sele ziwupasile lo mthetho. Ukuze kuguqulwe inkunkuma yokutya ibe ngamafutha, amasebe karhulumente akhuthele ekwakheni iziseko ezingundoqo eziyimfuneko, izixhobo zokugaya igesi ephilayo, kunye nezixhobo zokuvundisa, kodwa inkqubela isacotha.

Kumfama waseThompson, eConn., kunye nezitshisi ezikufutshane ezivalayo kunye nokunyuka kwamatyala okulahla inkunkuma, ukuguqula inkunkuma yokutya ibe ngamandla yayiyimeko yokuphumelela. Kwelinye icala, inkunkuma yokutya ibalelwa kwi-25% yenkunkuma yendawo ekufuneka icocwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-methane eveliswa yi-anaerobic digester isetyenziselwa ukushisa kwendawo kunye nokubonelela ngombane. Ukwetyisa okucutshungulweyo kunokusetyenziswa emhlabeni ukwandisa ukuchuma komhlaba. Nangona kunjalo, iindleko zokwakha ze-biogas digesters ziphezulu kwaye azikwazi ukuhlangabezana ngokupheleleyo nokuveliswa kwenkunkuma yendawo. Kusekho isixa esikhulu sokulahlwa kokutya ekufuneka kusetyenzwe.

Iivenkile zokuthenga eOstreliya zisebenzisa itekhnoloji yokomisa ngokwasemzimbeni ukukhupha amanzi kwinkunkuma yokutya ukunciphisa ubunzima kunye nomthamo wenkunkuma, igcina isixa esikhulu sezondlo ngelixa inzala kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Izinto ezicutshungulwayo zisetyenziswa njengezinto zokuthiyela kwaye zinikezelwe kumachibi eentlanzi ezingatyiwayo. Qonda ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ngelixa ucoca inkunkuma ngokungenabungozi.

Ekubeni ingcamango yokunciphisa ikhabhoni kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo kwakucetywayo, abantu abaninzi baye banikela ingqalelo ekulahlweni nasekusetyenzisweni kobutyebi benkunkuma. Ngeli nqanaba, ngokutsho kwabasebenzisi abahlukeneyo, iimfuno ezahlukeneyo kunye nezikali zokucubungula, indlela yokukhetha iteknoloji yonyango efanelekileyo yokutya ukunciphisa iindleko kunye nokwandisa ukubuyiswa kwezibonelelo kunye neenzuzo zezoqoqosho ziye zaba ngumbuzo abantu abacinga ngawo. Nalu uluhlu olufutshane lwetekhnoloji yangoku yonyango lwenkunkuma yokutya esele ikhulile ukubonelela abasebenzisi ngereferensi yokukhethwa kwezixhobo.

Uluhlu lwetekhnoloji yokuguqula inkunkuma yokutya

1.Indlela yokulahla inkunkuma

Indlela yemveli yokulahla inkunkuma iphatha ikakhulu inkunkuma engalungiswanga. Ineenzuzo zokulula kunye neendleko eziphantsi, kodwa ukungonakali kukuba ithatha indawo enkulu kwaye ixhomekeke kungcoliseko lwesibini. Okwangoku, iindawo zokulahla inkunkuma ezikhoyo zingcwaba inkunkuma ecinezelweyo okanye uthuthu emva kokutshiswa, kwaye zenze unyango lokuchasana nokungena. Emva kokuba inkunkuma yokutya igalelwe umhlaba, imethane eveliswa yi-anaerobic fermentation ikhutshelwa emoyeni, nto leyo eyenza mandundu impembelelo yegreenhouse. Ukulahla inkunkuma akukhuthazwa ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma yokutya.

2.Iteknoloji yonyango lwebhayoloji

Ithekhnoloji yonyango yebhayoloji isebenzisa i-microorganisms ukubola izinto eziphilayo kwinkunkuma yokutya kwaye iguqule ibe yi-H2O, i-CO2 kunye ne-molecular organic matter encinci ukunciphisa inkunkuma kunye nokuvelisa inani elincinci lezinto eziqinileyo ezinokusetyenziswa njengesichumisi se-biomass. Ubuchwephesha bonyango obuqhelekileyo bebhayoloji bubandakanya ukuvundisa, ukuvutshelwa kwe-aerobic, ukuvutshelwa kwe-anaerobic, i-biogas digesters, njl.

I-Anaerobic fermentation isebenza kwindawo evaleleke ngokupheleleyo phantsi kweemeko ze-anoxia okanye ioksijini ephantsi, kwaye ikakhulu ivelisa i-methane, enokusetyenziswa njengamandla acocekileyo kwaye itshiswe ukuvelisa umbane. Nangona kunjalo, intsalela ye-biogas ekhutshiweyo emva kokwetyisa inomlinganiselo ophezulu wezinto eziphilayo kwaye isafuna ukucutshungulwa ngakumbi kwaye isetyenziswe njengezichumisi eziphilayo.

Umzobo. OWC Food Waste Bio-Dgester imbonakalo yezixhobo kunye neqonga lokuhlela

Itekhnoloji ye-Aerobic fermentation ishukumisa inkunkuma kunye ne-microorganisms ngokulinganayo kwaye igcina ioksijini eyaneleyo ukukhawulezisa ukubola kwe-microorganisms. Ineempawu zokusebenza okuzinzileyo, ixabiso eliphantsi, kwaye inokuvelisa i-substrate ye-organic fertilizer esemgangathweni ophezulu. I-HYHH ye-OWC yoKutya iNkunkuma yoKutya i-Bio-Digester isebenzisa itekhnoloji yobushushu obuphezulu be-aerobic fermentation kunye nolawulo olukrelekrele ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubushushu ngaphakathi kwesixhobo buzinzile ngaphakathi koluhlu oluphezulu lomsebenzi we-aerobic microorganisms. Iimeko zobushushu obuphezulu zinokubulala iintsholongwane kunye namaqanda ezinambuzane kwinkunkuma.

3.Iteknoloji yokutya

Udederhu lweevenkile lwaseOstreliya olukhankanywe ngaphambili lusebenzisa itekhnoloji eyomileyo yokutyisa ukutya. Ubuchwephesha bokutya okomileyo kukomisa inkunkuma yokutya kwi-95~120℃ ngaphezulu kweyure ezi-2 ukunciphisa ubumanzi benkunkuma bube ngaphantsi kwe-15%. Ukongeza, kukho indlela yokutya iprotheni, efana nonyango lwebhayoloji kwaye yazisa ii-microorganisms ezifanelekileyo kwinkunkuma ukuguqula izinto eziphilayo zibe yiprotheyini. Imveliso ingasetyenziswa njengesithiyelo okanye njengemfuyo yenkomo kunye neegusha. Le ndlela ifaneleke ngakumbi kwiimeko apho umthombo wenkunkuma yokutya uzinzile kwaye amacandelo ayo alula.

4.Indlela yokusebenzisana yokutshisa

Inkunkuma yokutya iqulethe umthamo wamanzi amaninzi, ukushisa okuphantsi, kwaye akukho lula ukutshisa. Ezinye iiplanti zokutshisa zixuba inkunkuma yokutya esele icociwe kwinkunkuma kamasipala ngokomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wokutshisa ngentsebenziswano.

5.I-emele ye-compost yasekhaya elula

Ngokunzulu kokuqonda ngokusingqongileyo kunye nokuthandwa kwe-Intanethi, zininzi izithuba okanye iividiyo malunga nokwenza imigqomo yenkunkuma yokutya ekhaya. Ubugcisa bokwenza umgquba obulula busetyenziselwa ukusetyenzwa ngokutsha kwenkunkuma yokutya eyenziwe ekhaya, kwaye iimveliso ezibolileyo zinokusetyenziselwa ukuchumisa uhlaza ebaleni. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokukhethwa kwee-microbial agents, isakhiwo sebhakethi ye-compost eyenziwe ekhaya, kunye namacandelo enkunkuma yokutya ngokwawo, imiphumo iyahluka kakhulu, kunye neengxaki ezifana nevumba elinamandla, ukubola okungaphelelanga, kunye nexesha elide lokuzala lingenzeka.